Portuguese (Age of Empires II)

This article is about the civilization in Age of Empires II HD: The African Kingdoms. For the civilization in Age of Empires III, see Portuguese (Age of Empires III).

Civilization

Technology tree

Strategy

“	On the western edge of Europe, a resilient principality slowly grew into one of the greatest maritime powers of all time. Set sail on mighty Caravels and Carracks, discover new routes to unknown lands, and expand your trade routes to the mighty African empires. Construct Feitorias in faraway settlements and use your newly acquired riches to outfit your armies with the deadly arquebus! The Portuguese unique unit is the Organ Gun, an artillery piece that fires a volley of bullets in a lethal spread.	”
—Description^[1]

The Portuguese' civilization music theme in the Definitive Edition

The Portuguese are a Southern European civilization introduced in Age of Empires II HD: The African Kingdoms. They focus on navy and gunpowder units.

The Portuguese are a naval civilization that focuses on solid late-game economy and bases their army strength in versatile gunpowder units and a powerful navy. Historically, Goths first and Arabic people after ruled the Iberic Peninsula before the Reconquista, which caused Portugal to become an independent kingdom from 1139 onwards and to have its territory fully consolidated by 1248. They have been a non-protagonist country in Europe for around two or three centuries. But from the 15th century, during the Age of Discovery, they were able to build a very powerful and large colonial empire, and for a brief period had the supremacy in the Atlantic Ocean before being outclassed by the Spanish, British, and Dutch Empires.

The Portuguese established tactical colonial bases in the New World and particularly on the African coasts thanks to their excellent navigation skills and organization. This implied great trade advantages opening them exclusive naval routes to India, Africa, and China, along with a wide control of the oceans. This would have been impossible without a powerful, highly advanced military and large fleet along with emperors who financed and oriented their political economics to create a strong colonial trade empire. All of these facts are reflected in the game by giving the Portuguese two unique units (the Organ Gun and the Caravel), and one of the most effective navies since they get +10% HP for all their ships and Carrack which gives their ships +1/+1 armor. They can also count on more accurate gunpowder units thanks to Arquebus which makes gunpowder units fire accurately at moving targets, and free Cartography from the Dark Age. During the 15th and 16th centuries, the Portuguese were technologically ahead over other nations or kingdoms, which is reflected in their technologies being researched 30% faster.

The Portuguese resolved the problem of being a small nation by basing their economy on foreign-opened exchange and production of their colonies. This meant that most of their income came from abroad, and had a critical impact on the employment in primary sectors and focus on military and exploring purposes. As a result, from the Imperial Age, they are the only civilization in the game able to collect resources without employing Villagers thanks to their unique building, the Feitoria.

The Portuguese were also among the first European countries, along with the Spanish, to successfully colonize South America. This operation boasted, as well as a prolonged serious inflation from the late 16th to early 17th centuries, their economy and made Portugal one of the wealthiest and richest European nations for several decades before their eventual military and commercial decline. The crown was able to finance exploring voyages and pay soldiers handsomely. The flourishing economy of the Portuguese was further stimulated as large trade companies started in risk trade investment, which too gave very high profits. The consequences of all this income is reflected in the reduced gold cost of all units, including military ones.

Overview[]

As a naval civilization, the Portuguese rely on a strong navy. Their ships are more durable due to their civilization bonus and Carrack and cheaper in terms of gold. Also, they get the Caravel, which can be an asset in large fights as it is capable of damaging multiple ships. On the land, the Portuguese are able to field a versatile army. Their Blacksmith is complete which results in their foot archers being fully upgradable, but their infantry sorely misses Squires as it means they miss out on an important speed bonus. Their cavalry may seem underwhelming without the Paladin and Hussar upgrade, but their Cavalier gets all upgrades and is one of the most cost effective of all units thanks to the gold discount. The gunpowder units deserve a special mentioning for the Portuguese as they can all be fully upgraded and receive a comrade-in-arms with the Organ Gun and an important accuracy boost with Arquebus. Again, the gold discount comes in handy here as these units are all very gold-intensive. Outside of the Bombard Cannon, their siege weapons are way below average, however. Their Monks are very good. The defensive structures rank as above average and their economy is strong, thanks to the Feitoria, which gives a trickle of all resources, and the fact that all of their technologies are researched 30% faster, which means that the Portuguese can maintain a good economy and be technologically ahead of other civilizations.

Campaign appearances[]

The Portuguese have a campaign devoted to their civilization: Francisco de Almeida. They also appear in:

Bayinnaung[]

The Burmese Tigers
- Portuguese
The Old Tiger
- Portuguese

Sforza[]

Mercenaries and Masters
- Venetians
Blood and Betrayal
- Venetians
Viva Sforza!
- Venetians

Characteristics[]

Unique units[]

Organ Gun: Gunpowder siege unit

Caravel: Warship that can damage multiple ships in a straight line, like the Scorpion

Unique technologies[]

Carrack: Gives ships +1/+1 armor.

Arquebus: Increases the accuracy of gunpowder units when firing at moving targets.

Unique building[]

Feitoria: Slowly generates resources.

Civilization bonuses[]

All units cost –20% gold.
All ships have +10% HP.
All technologies (excluding advancing ages) are researched 30% faster.
The Feitoria becomes available for building in the Imperial Age.

Team bonus[]

The Line of Sight is shared with the team from the beginning of the game.

Changelog[]

The African Kingdoms[]

Organ Guns have 1 spread damage.
Arquebus increases the projectile speed of Bombard Cannons and Bombard Towers by +0.5.
Initially can research Arrowslits. With patch 4.8, it was removed from the technology tree.
Initially, Feitorias cost 250W/250G and generate 0.7F, 0.7W, 0.45G, and 0.45S per second. With patch 4.8, Feitorias now cost 250G/250S and generate 0.8F, 0.8W, 0.45G, and 0.25S per second.
Initially, Organ Guns have no minimum range and +1 attack against infantry. With patch 4.8, a minimum range of 1 was added and the attack bonus was removed.
All units cost -15% gold.

Rise of the Rajas[]

Arquebus now has a smaller effect on gunpowder units, the speed modifier is reduced by 75%.
With patch 5.2, the speed modifier for Bombard Cannons and Bombard Towers is removed.
With patch 5.7, the speed modifier for Bombard Cannons and Bombard Towers is now +0.2.
With patch 5.7, Organ Guns now have 2 spread damage.
With patch 5.7, Cartography was removed from the game. However, the Portuguese team bonus still shares the LOS of all allies from the beginning of team games, while all other civilizations have to build a Market in order to share their LOS.

Definitive Edition[]

With update 35584, Feitorias' resource trickle is raised from 0.8 food, 0.8 wood, 0.45 gold, 0.25 stone per second to 1.6 food, 1.0 wood, 0.7 gold, 0.3 stone per second.
With update 39284, all units cost -20% gold instead. The Caravel cost was adjusted to retain 34 gold cost after the discount.
With update 42848, all technologies are now researched 30% faster.

In-game dialogue language[]

In-game, Portuguese units speak Modern Portuguese, though the in-game accent is not used by native Portuguese speakers, and has a very slight Brazilian tint.

Villager

Select 1 Sim? - Yes?
Select 2 Olá - Hello
Female Select 3 Estou pronta - I'm ready (feminine)
Male Select 3 Estou pronto - I'm ready (masculine)
Select 4 Quais as vossas ordens? - What are your orders?
Move 1 Sim - Yes
Move 2 Entendido - Understood
Move 3 Ir-me-ei - I shall go
Move 4 Farei-lo-ei - I shall do it (grammatically incorrect; it should be "Fá-lo-ei")
Build Construir - To build
Chop Cortar madeira - To chop wood
Farm Coletar - To gather
Fish Pescar - To fish
Forage Coletar - To gather
Hunt Caçar - To hunt
Mine Minerar - To mine
Repair Reparar - To repair

Military

Select 1 Sim? - Yes?
Select 2 Ao seu dispor - At your disposal
Select 3 Quais são as vossas ordens? - What are your orders?
Move 1 Entendido - Understood
Move 2 Farei-lo-ei - I shall do it (grammatically incorrect; it should be "Fá-lo-ei")
Move 3 Sim - Yes
Attack 1 Atacar! - Attack!
Attack 2 Avançar! - Advance!
Attack 3 Às armas! - To arms!

Monk

Select 1 Sim? - Yes?
Select 2 Quais são as ordens? - What are the orders?
Select 3 Ao seu dispor - At your disposal
Select 4 Por Deus - By god
Move 1 Ir-me-ei - I shall go
Move 2 Sim - Yes
Move 3 Correto - Correct
Move 4 Farei-lo-ei - I shall do it (grammatically incorrect; it should be "Fá-lo-ei")

King

Select 1 Ei-lo aqui - Here he is
Select 2 Que quereis? - What do you want?
Select 3 Por que me perturbas? - Why do you disturb me?
Select 4 Estou preparado - I'm prepared
Move 1 Farei o que me pedires - I'll do what you ask me
Move 2 Pela minha graça - By my grace
Move 3 Como desejares - As you wish
Move 4 Farei-lo-ei - I shall do it (grammatically incorrect; it should be "Fá-lo-ei")

AI player names[]

When playing a random map game against the computer, the player may encounter any of the following Portuguese AI characters:

Afonso de Albuquerque (c. 1453 – 16 December 1515): A Portuguese general, a "great conqueror", a statesman, and an empire builder. He appears in the second and fifth scenarios of the Francisco de Almeida campaign (in the latter the player's objective is to convert the unit of Afonso and several other troops).
Afonso Henriques: The first King of Portugal. He achieved the independence of the southern part of the Kingdom of Galicia, the County of Portugal, from Galicia's overlord, the King of León, in 1139, establishing a new kingdom and doubling its area with the Reconquista, an objective that he pursued until his death in 1185, after forty-six years of wars against the Moors.
Afonso V (15 January 1432 – 28 August 1481): Called the African (Portuguese: o Africano), was King of Portugal and of the Algarves. His sobriquet refers to his conquests in Northern Africa. He is an ally of the player during the The Old World scenario from the Francisco de Almeida campaign.
Bartolomeu Dias: A nobleman of the Portuguese royal household, was a Portuguese explorer. He sailed around the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488, reaching the Indian Ocean from the Atlantic, the first European known to have done so.
Duarte Pacheco Pereira: A Portuguese sea captain, soldier, explorer, and cartographer. He traveled particularly in the central Atlantic Ocean west of the Cape Verde islands, along the coast of West Africa and to India.
Henry the Navigator: A royal prince (fourth son of Joao I) and a central figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire and in the 15th-century European maritime discoveries and maritime expansion. He also is the AI personality of the Portuguese in Age of Empires III.
Joao I: King of Portugal and the Algarve in 1385–1433. He was referred to as "the Good" (sometimes "the Great") or "of Happy Memory" in Portugal. More rarely, and especially in Spain, he was sometimes referred to as "the Bastard". He is recognized chiefly for his role in Kingdom of Portugal's victory in the Portuguese succession war against the Kingdom of Castile.
Manuel I (31 May 1469 – 13 December 1521): The Fortunate, the king of Portugal and the Algarves. His name is associated with a period of Portuguese civilization that was distinguished by significant achievements both in political affairs and the arts.
Nuno Alvares Pereira: A Portuguese general of great success who had a decisive role in the 1383-1385 Crisis that assured Portugal's independence from Castile.
Pedro Alvares Cabral (c. 1467 or 1468 – c. 1520): A Portuguese nobleman, military commander, navigator, and explorer regarded as the European discoverer of Brazil.
Vasco da Gama: A Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea. His initial voyage to India (1497–1499) was the first to link Europe and Asia by an ocean route, connecting the Atlantic and the Indian oceans and therefore, the West and the Orient.
Vimara Peres (died 873): A ninth-century nobleman from the Kingdom of Asturias and the first ruler of the County of Portugal.

History[]

Similar to that of Spain, the Medieval history of Portugal can be divided into three principal chapters: the expansion of the Visigoth kingdom after the disintegration of the Roman Empire, the emergence of Islamic Iberia, and the reconquest by the Christian kingdoms in Iberia. Most noticeably during the third chapter, Portuguese and Spanish history diverged from each other, resulting in two distinctive cultures.

The Reconquista of the Iberian Peninsula was initiated by Pelagius, a Visigoth nobleman, who successfully rebelled against the Muslim conquerors around AD 722. With this act, he was the first to re-establish a Christian foothold, namely the kingdom of Asturias. Over the next two centuries, Pelagius’ successors would expand their rule over the north-western part of the peninsula. Most notably, in AD 868, Vimara Peres conquered the city of Portucale (present-day Porto) and the surrounding area. As a token of gratitude, King Alfonso III named him Count of Portugal.

Geographically isolated and, as a frontier region, far away from the royal court, the County of Portugal enjoyed a relatively high degree of political autonomy. Culturally, the development of the Portuguese language revealed a difference with Leon, the successor state of Asturias, of which the County was a vassal. As a result, the sense of their unique identity spurred the desire of the Portuguese to gain de facto independence from Leon. This was eventually achieved between AD 1128 and AD 1143, when Afonso Henriques revolted against his mother, the countess of Portugal, and the king of Leon.

During the next century, the Portuguese expanded their territory further south. Afonso Henriques capitalized on the collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate of al-Andalus to make major territorial gains. With the help of a passing Crusader army, he managed to take the city of Lisbon in AD 1147. Algarve, the southernmost region, was eventually conquered by AD 1250, allowing Portugal to consolidate its natural borders. Ever since, the country’s boundaries have been relatively stable.

The Portuguese economy traditionally focused on fishing and agriculture. In addition, the kingdom possessed one of the richest sources of copper and tin in Medieval Europe. With the incorporation of the Algarve region, wine and salt could be exported to England and Flanders. From the fourteenth century onwards, trade, especially maritime trade, became even more important. King Afonso IV (AD 1291 – 1357) and Prince Infante Henrique (AD 1394 – 1460) both invested heavily in the Portuguese navy and exploratory missions. For that reason, Infante Henrique is widely viewed as the main initiator of the Age of Discovery. Not only did he oversee the development of the caravel, a light and fast ship, but he also sponsored many expeditions to the African continent himself, laying the foundations of the Portuguese Empire.

The immense trading network created by the exploration missions ushered in the golden age of Portugal. Between the fifteenth and sixteenth century, the Portuguese army would be one of the most technologically advanced armies in the world, making extensive use of gunpowder weaponry. However, the wealth acquired through trading was also used to sponsor advancements in the arts and sciences. Scholars and artists were attracted to Portugal from all over Europe and initiated a unique Portuguese Renaissance. For most of the Early Modern Period, Portugal would remain a major economic, political, and cultural power.^[1]

Trivia[]

The bottom left and right of the navigation bar in the user interface feature blue tiles known as Azulejo, a form of Spanish and Portuguese painted tin-glazed ceramic tile-work. Before the Definitive Edition the middle of the navigation bar showed the traditional royal Portuguese coat of arms.
- The coat of arms is also used as the civilization icon of the Portuguese in the Definitive Edition.
The Portuguese are the first civilization in Age of Empires II to have a unique building: Feitoria.
The Portuguese are the only civilization whose unique Castle unit cannot be healed by a Monk, also cannot be converted by monks that do not have Redemption researched.
Out of the three civilizations to have a unique ship, the Portuguese are the only civilization that has access to both Fire Ships and Demolition Ships .
One of the AI player names, Prince Henry the Navigator, is the AI personality of the Portuguese in Age of Empires III.
The Portuguese are the last civilization introduced with focus on gunpowder units.
While the Portuguese are a very strong civilization on water maps, their perfomance on land maps was very low and they were considered the weakest civilization in open maps because their only effective bonus for the early and middle game in these conditions was their gold discount for all units, which wasn't that strong. Their bonus in update 42848 gives them wide options to use in all stages of the game in many situations and maps, and some competitive players expect that this can make them a strong civilization. They are still one of the weakest civilization in open maps.
With a Bulgarian (providing 80% faster working Blacksmiths), a Lithuanian (providing 20% faster working Monasteries) and a Malian (providing 80% faster working Universities) allies, the Portuguese can research almost all technologies much faster than any other civilization in the game.
The Portuguese warships are affected by almost all of their civilziation bonuses or unique technologies, as all cost 20% less gold, have 10% more hit points, can be upgraded 30% faster, get +1/+1 armor with the Carrack technology, and for the Cannon Galleons, they get better projectiles through the Arquebus technology.