This article is about the expansion civilization. For other uses, see Mexico.
Civilization
Technology tree
Strategy
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Born out of a fiery insurgency against Spanish colonial rule, the young Mexican nation asserted itself and triumphed despite numerous revolutions and invasions.
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The Mexicans civilization's music theme in the Definitive Edition
In Age of Empires III: Definitive Edition, the burgeoning Mexican States can choose to Revolt instead of advancing to the Fortress, Industrial, or Imperial Ages. Each Revolt offers players a whole new deck full of opportunities. Unlike any other civilization, Mexico can reverse their revolts and return to Mexico, while still retaining access the benefits of any cards sent during the revolution. Add in a brand-new set of Federal States to evolve the gameplay and the Mexico civilization can adapt to any strategic situation like no other.
Padre: Heroic Mexican Priest. Explores, fights, builds Cathedrals and Trading Posts. Cannot die. If he falls unconscious, he can be rescued.
Insurgente: An insurgent peasant armed with whatever they could find. Good against cavalry and buildings.
Soldado: Very sturdy, but slow training, Heavy Infantry armed with a musket and grenades.
Salteador: Stealthy Skirmisher that can see the location of enemies they've recently damaged.
Chinaco: Heavy cavalry armed with a lance for extra range. Good against skirmishers, and holds its own against cavalry.
Desperado: A dangerous outlaw with two pistols. Can attack with both pistols at the same time.
Cuatrero: A dangerous outlaw on horseback. Ranged Cavalry with a Lasso ability.
Bandido: A dangerous outlaw with a rifle. Throws dynamite to damage infantry or buildings.
Revolutionary units[]
Filibuster: Freewheeling heavy infantry on an unauthorized military expedition. Constructs buildings or destroys them with dynamite. Revolting to Baja California turns Settlers into Filibusters.
Californio: Ranged Cavalry with a Lasso ability. Good against cavalry. Revolting to California turns Settlers into Californios.
Cruzob Avenger: Cruzob Skirmisher. Salteador with extra speed, range, and LOS. Revolting to Maya turns Salteadores into Cruzob Avengers.
Cruzob Infantry: Cruzob Musketeer that counters cavalry from range. Revolting to Maya turns Soldados into Cruzob Infantry.
Revolutionary: Solid general-purpose infantry. Good against cavalry. Revolting to Rio Grande turns Settlers into Revolutionaries; Revolting to Central America or Yucatán keep the Settlers, but Town Centers will produce Revolutionaries instead; Central America Revolutionaries have 25% less health and damage.
Volunteers: Skirmisher with low range that sacrifices attack for hitpoints. Gains additional hitpoints in groups. Revolting to Texas turns Settlers into Volunteers and allows them to be trained in place of Settlers and Insurgentes.
Yucateco Insurgente: Veteran Insurgente with 10% more attack and a Lasso ability. Revolting to Yucatan turns Insurgentes into Yucateco Insurgentes. Revolting to Yucatán keeps the Settlers, but they can become Yucateco Insurgentes with the card Plan de Mérida.
DisabledAunque yo muera, seré recordado para siempre - Even if I die, I will be remembered forever
Revived 1Los ángeles me han regresado a la vida - The angels have brought me back to life
Revived 2Nuestra señora de Guadalupe nos protege con sus manos milagrosas - Our lady of Guadalupe protects us with her miraculous hands
Trivia[]
The Mexican in-game flag is based on the flag of the Army of the Three Guarantees, which can be considered the first flag of Mexico as an independent country.
The Mexicans and the Aztecs are the only two civilizations that share the same place, but in different time periods, as their respective Home Cities.
Tenochtitlan was the capital of the Aztec Empire in the 15th century until it was captured by the Spanish in 1521.
After the creation of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, the new city and capital was build in the same place of the former Aztec capital and was named Mexico City.
History[]
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Like the United States, the history of Mexico begins millennia ago with the indigenous peoples who migrated to the North American continent and settled throughout, creating culturally and linguistically distinct societies. The majority of these were founded on hunter-gatherer subsistence, but some also practiced agriculture and engaged in activities such as metallurgy, nautical navigation, and long-distance trade. Notable examples include the Olmec, Maya, Toltec, and Aztec civilizations, famous for their rich material culture imprint and the impressive stone structures that they erected – sites still frequented by modern tourists.
By the 15th century, Europe was undergoing a process of social and economic revolutions marked by, among other things, massive population booms and vibrant trade economies. An allure for luxury resources brought on by the taste that they had through trade partners in the Middle East spurred a desire to explore and establish settlements so as to have direct access to these resources. After Christopher Columbus stumbled upon the Caribbean islands while seeking an alternative western route to East Asia, European settlers began to flock to the so-called "New World" seeking land, wealth, and religious freedom, among other things.
The lands comprising the modern Mexican nation were principally frequented by Spanish expeditionary soldiers, explorers, and settlers. These "conquistadors" subjugated the formidable Aztec Empire and various other indigenous inhabitants relatively quickly with their superior weaponry and diseases such as smallpox which decimated the local populations. Exploitative mercantile economies sprouted up in "New Spain", thriving on mines and encomienda plantation systems, and funneled wealth back to their mother nation for nearly three centuries.
By the early 19th century, European colonial powers were gradually losing their grip over their possessions in the Western Hemisphere. As Enlightenment ideals electrified minds irrespective of class divisions, the inhabitants of the United States successfully revolted against their British overlords, setting an example that many of their neighbors were keen to follow. Dissatisfied with centuries of Spanish occupation, New Spain was ripe for such a movement, and the Napoleonic (French) invasion of Spain presented a terrific opportunity.
In 1810, decisive steps were taken towards independence when the priest Miguel Hidalgo and Ignacio Allende, a former military officer, rallied mobs of disgruntled peasants and commoners into a loosely-knit army and began ousting the Spanish royalist occupants of several towns on the route to Mexico City. Despite a string of successes, Hidalgo enigmatically refused to attack Mexico City, eschewing his momentum and affording the royalists precious time to react. Shortly thereafter, his disorganized army was crushed and he and Allende were executed – but the spirit of independence that his uprising had stoked would not be quelled so easily.
The movement continued under Ignacio López Rayón, José María Morelos, and Mariano Matamoros, who experienced considerably more (and prolonged) successes against the royalists owing mainly to organizational improvements. Despite some infighting which would see Rayón deposed and Morelos catapulted to primacy in the revolutionary Mexican state, the cause continued to progress. While it did experience further setbacks – Matamoros and Morelos would be captured and executed by royalist forces – resistance to Spanish rule continued for several years. In 1821, Augustín de Iturbide and Vicente Guerrero negotiated the Plan of Iguala, an alliance between their factions which all but cemented Mexican independence; an official proclamation would be made later that same year.
Spain would unsuccessfully attempt to reconquer her former colony in 1829, but eventually conceded its independence in 1836. During this time, the fledgling nation struggled to establish a robust government and retain control of its vast territory; several of the southeastern regions in Central America seceded nearly immediately, and further problems arose when American settlers in modern-day Texas declared their independence in 1835 and upset the numerically superior Mexican army. After Texas joined the United States in 1845, another catastrophic war erupted and the Mexican forces were defeated, losing California and much of what would become the western USA in the process.
In 1855, another revolt overthrew President Antonio López de Santa Anna, causing his conservative supporters to appeal to the French for aid in the conflict. The French briefly invaded and installed Maximilian Habsburg, but American intervention led the French to abandon the conservatives, allowing the liberal revolutionaries to emerge victorious. After several more years of infighting, Porfirio Díaz, known for his role in the renowned Battle of Puebla (1862), assumed control of the Mexican state and launched a series of reform programs, ushering the nation into the modern era.
Barbary Pirates (Algiers, The Burning of USS Philadelphia) · Canadians (Battle of Queenston Heights) · Ethiopians (Christopher Da Gama's Expedition) · Moroccans^ (The Battle of the Three Kings) · Somalians (Christopher Da Gama's Expedition) · Tatars (Chuvash Cape) · United States (Battle of New Orleans)
