Mangudai

Mangudai
Unit information
Introduced in	The Age of Kings
Type	Archer Cavalry
Civilization	Mongols
Age	Castle Age
Training
Trained at	Castle
Wood	55
Gold	65
Training time	26 seconds
Statistics
Hit points	60
Attack	6, 8 (Elite) pierce
Attack bonuses	+3, +5 (Elite) vs Siege weapon +1 vs Spearman
Rate of Fire	1.7
Frame delay	23
Attack delay	0.5
Range	4
Accuracy	95%
Projectile speed	7
Melee armor	0, 1 (Elite)
Pierce armor	0
Armor classes	Archer Cavalry archer Cavalry Unique unit
Speed	1.4
Line of Sight	6
Unit evolution
Upgrades to	Elite Mangudai
Upgrade cost	1,100 food, 675 gold
Upgrade time	50 seconds

“	Mongol unique unit. Cavalry archer with attack bonus vs. siege weapons.	”
—Age of Empires II description

The Mangudai is the unique unit of the Mongols in Age of Empires II. It is a cavalry archer with an attack bonus against siege weapons.

Mangudai can be upgraded to Elite Mangudai in the Imperial Age.

Tactics

Mangudai are effective against slow moving units, such as Monks, Villagers, or infantry. They can also take down unsuspecting archers. With bonus damage dealt to rams, Mangudai can also be used to counter them effectively behind fortifications.

However, despite their attack bonus against them, attacking (massed) Scorpions and Mangonels one on one is not recommended unless there are enough Mangudai to destroy the machine in one volley and they can be micromanaged to dodge the projectiles. Camel Riders and Pikemen are a threat, if they can catch up with the Mangudai, but the latter can usually be avoided with ease, and Camels have low pierce armor and hence take a lot of damage themselves. Skirmishers and Light Cavalry can also be dangerous to Mangudai in sufficiently large numbers.

Mangudai are usually paired with Hussars, Steppe Lancers, and siege weapons, because they all benefit from the Mongols' civilization bonuses and unique technology Drill, respectively.

Comparison to the Cavalry Archer

• Fully upgraded, the armor, range, speed, and HP are the same. In the Castle Age, Cavalry Archers have 10 HP less than Mangudai.
• The Mangudai has a higher attack strength, but its base attack rate is slower than Cavalry Archers contrary to popular belief. That is, of course, for Mongol Cavalry Archers. Compared to Cavalry Archers of all other civilizations, the Mangudai has a faster attack naturally due to the civilization bonus, where it fires 25% faster. After researching Thumb Ring, the Mangudai attacks faster than even Mongol Cavalry Archers. It is because Thumb Ring actually grants the Mangudai a more significant boost in fire rate.
• Mangudai have a frame delay of 5, Cavalry Archers 10. That means Mangudai can utilize hit-and-run tactics better.
• The Mangudai trains faster, but requires a Castle, making it harder to mass.
• The Cavalry Archer (upgrade included) is cheaper by 15 wood and 5 gold as of The African Kingdoms. In The Forgotten, it was cheaper by 15 wood only (equal gold cost), and before the Mangudai was cheaper by 5 gold, but still cost 15 wood more.
• All in all, it can be said that the Mangudai is a better fit for the Mongol army. Also, a Castle with a couple of Mangudai garrisoned can be a bulky fortress due to the capability of the Mangudai to take out rams with ease.
• While stats seem similar to a standard Cavalry Archer, its higher damage (in the case of Elite Mangudai), lower frame delay and attack bonus against siege make the Mangudai considerably stronger and it should always be preferred over standard Cavalry Archers. However, they are harder to mass, but once massed and upgraded, they become one of the strongest units in the game, and can become a nearly unstoppable force. It is advisable to pair them with Hussars to minimise losses and use their mobility to avoid unfavorable encounters, as they are hard to replace, specially in a 1 vs 1 game.

Units comparison

Units	Cavalry Archer	Mangudai
Cost	40 wood 60 gold	55 wood 65 gold
HP	50, 60(Heavy)	60
Attack	6, 7(Heavy)	6, 8(Elite)
Attack Bonus	+2 vs Spearman	+3, +5(Elite) vs Siege Weapon +1 vs Spearman
Rate of Fire	2.0	1.7
Frame Delay	35, 46(Heavy)	23
Attack Delay	0.9, 0.88(Heavy)	0.5
Accuracy	50%	95%
Armor	0/0, +1/0(Heavy)	0/0, +1/0(Elite)
Line of Sight	5, 6(Heavy)	6
Training Time	34s, 27s(Heavy)	26s
Updrage Cost	900 food 500 gold	1,100 food 675 gold

Comparison to the Camel Archer

• The attack and range are the same, but the attack rate of the Mangudai is higher, so the damage output of the Mangudai is higher. Also, the Mangudai gets an attack bonus of +2 against Pikemen because of Parthian Tactics.
• The Camel Archer can regenerate and has one more pierce armor.
• The Camel Archer is in the camel armor class rather than the cavalry armor class, resulting in less damage taken from anti-cavalry units such as Camel Riders and Pikemen.
• They move at the same speed.
• The Camel Archer is cheaper by 5 wood and gold. Its Elite upgrade is also cheaper.
• The Mangudai holds an attack bonus against siege weapons, the Camel Archer against Cavalry Archers.
• All in all, the Mangudai deals more damage thanks to its higher attack rate, but the Camel Archer is more durable due to its regeneration ability and armor.
• In one-on-one combat, the Camel Archer easily wins.

Units comparison

Units	Camel Archer	Mangudai
Cost	50 wood 60 gold	55 wood 65 gold
HP	55, 60(Elite)	60
Attack	7, 8(Elite)	6, 8(Elite)
Attack Bonus	+4, +6(Elite) vs Cavalry Archer	+3, +5(Elite) vs Siege Weapon +1 vs Spearman
Rate of Fire	2.0	1.7
Frame Delay	15	23
Attack Delay	0.63	0.5
Armor	0/+1, +1/+1(Elite)	0/0, +1/0(Elite)
Line of Sight	5	6
Training Time	25s	26s
Updrage Cost	1,000 wood 500 gold	1,100 food 675 gold

Comparison to the Kipchak

• The Mangudai has a stronger attack, attacks faster and deal much more damage due of their civilization bonus, but the Kipchak fires additional arrows per burst which deal 3 pierce damage each one, which makes the Kipchak much better at facing units with high pierce armor.
• The Kipchak has less hit points but higher pierce armor with all upgrades (for civilizations with access to Parthian Tactics and Ring Archer Armor).
• The Kipchak has 1 less range (only if played with civilizations that lack Bracer) and 1 less Line of Sight.
• The Kipchak moves faster (only with the Cumans thanks to their civilization bonus).
• The Mangudai costs 5 less wood but 30 more gold, and are trained a bit slower.
• The Mangudai holds an attack bonus against siege weapons (+3 non-Elite, +5 Elite), while the Kipchak has no attack bonus except against Spearmen. However, the Kipchak's secondary arrows deal 0 melee attack, allowing them to destroy rams faster than Mangudai (since rams have -3 melee armor).
• All in all, the Mangudai has a much stronger attack and better resistance, but the Kipchak is better at dealing with rams. However, the Mangudai can destroy other siege units considerably faster thanks to its attack bonus.
• In one-on-one combat, the Mangudai handily wins.

Units comparison

Units	Kipchak	Mangudai
Cost	60 wood 35 gold	55 wood 65 gold
HP	40, 45(Elite)	60
Attack	4, 5(Elite) 3 pierce, 0 melee ('additional' arrows)	6, 8(Elite)
Attack Bonus	+1 vs Spearman	+3, +5(Elite) vs Siege Weapon +1 vs Spearman
Rate of Fire	2.2	1.7
Frame Delay	21	23
Accuracy	90%	95%
Armor	0/0	0/0, +1/0(Elite)
Training Time	20s	26s
Updrage Cost	1,100 food 1,000 wood	1,100 food 675 gold

Further statistics

As Mangudai are unique to the Mongols, only technologies that are available to them are shown in the following table:

Unit strengths and weaknesses
Strong vs.	Infantry, Villagers, siege weapons
Weak vs.	Genoese Crossbowmen, Huskarls, Mamelukes, Camel Riders, Skirmishers, Eagle Warriors, Camel Archers, Paladins
Upgrades
Hit points	Bloodlines (+20)
Attack	Fletching (+1)  Bodkin Arrow (+1)  Bracer (+1)  Chemistry (+1)  Parthian Tactics (+2 attack against Spearmen)
Range	Fletching (+1)  Bodkin Arrow (+1)  Bracer (+1)
Firing rate	Thumb Ring (+18%)
Accuracy	Thumb Ring (increases accuracy to 100%)  Ballistics (hit moving targets)
Armor	Padded Archer Armor (+1/+1)  Leather Archer Armor (+1/+1)  Parthian Tactics (+1/+2)
Speed	Husbandry (+10%)
Conversion defense	Faith  Heresy
Creation speed	Conscription (+33%)
Upgrades	Elite Mangudai

Civilization bonuses

• Mongols: Mangudai attack 25% faster.

Team bonuses

• A team containing Berbers: With Kasbah researched, Mangudai are created and upgraded 25% faster, and Conscription is researched 25% faster.
• A team containing Britons: Researching Thumb Ring and Parthian Tactics is 20% faster.
• A team containing Bulgarians: Researching Blacksmith upgrades is 80% faster.
• A team containing Huns: Researching Bloodlines and Husbandry is 20% faster.
• A team containing Lithuanians: Researching Heresy and Faith is 20% faster.
• A team containing Malians: Researching Chemistry and Ballistics is 80% faster.
• A team containing Tatars: Mangudai have +2 LOS.
• A team containing Teutons: Mangudai are more resistant to conversion.

Changelog

The Age of Kings

• Mangudai only have a single attack bonus against siege weapons of +3 (+5 for Elite).
• Mangudai have a Rate of Fire of 2.0.
• Mangudai have an accuracy of 100%.
• Mangudai move at a speed of 1.43.
• Mangudai have a train time of 21 seconds.
• Mangudai (non-Elite) have a frame delay of 10.
• Elite Mangudai have a frame delay of 0.

The Conquerors

• Mangudai gain a +1 attack bonus against Spearmen.
• Mangudai Rate of Fire increased (made slower) to 2.1.
• Mangudai accuracy lowered to 95%.
• Mangudai speed increased to 1.45.
• Mangudai train time increased to 26 seconds.
• Bloodlines introduced.
• Heresy introduced.
• Parthian Tactics introduced.
• Thumb Ring introduced.

The Forgotten

• Mangudai attack bonus against siege weapons reduced to +1.
• Mangudai receive an attack bonus against rams of +3 (+5 for Elite).
• Mangudai (non-Elite) frame delay reduced to 5.

The African Kingdoms

• With patch 4.8, Elite Mangudai now have a frame delay of 5.
• With patch 4.8, Mangudai get back their initial attack bonus of +3 (+5 for Elite) against siege weapons. The attack bonus against rams is removed.

Lords of the West

• With update 47820, Mangudai move at a speed of 1.4.

Trivia

• The Mangudai is the only unique unit that has the same hit points as its Elite version, with 60 HP.
• Historical Mangudai were Mongol army's vanguards, named after the Manghud, a Mongol clan related to Genghis Khan's Kiyad clan.

History

“	The Mongols were united by Genghis Khan, who took them off on a campaign of conquest that reached from the Pacific to the Mediterranean to Central Europe. The Mongols were superb horsemen and each warrior kept a stable of ponies so that fresh mounts were always available. The strength of the Mongol armies was the horse archer firing a composite bow from the saddle. The best of these archers, called the mangudai, used great tactics to catch enemies at a disadvantage. They used feints and traps to wear out enemy cavalry and shoot it to pieces. Slower troops could be shot to pieces at range with little risk. Enemy armies were exhausted and shattered without ever coming to grips with the elusive mangudai. The main weakness of the Mongol army was that only great leaders could keep it together. When the great Khan or later leaders died, the army dissolved into factions bickering for primacy.	”
—Age of Empires II manual

Gallery

A group of Mangudai

A group of Mangudai defending a Castle from Capped Rams

Historical reconstruction of a Mangudai

A render of the Mangudai model

Mongol cavalry as depicted in Rashid-ad-Din's Jami' at-Tawarikh; early 14th century

Mangudai in the HD Edition and Definitive Edition

Video

ELITE MANGUDAI vs EVERY UNIQUE UNIT AoE II Definitive Edition