Cataphracts are strong against infantry. Originally refering[sic] to any armored soldier (including ships) the word "cataphract" was eventually reserved for heavily armored horses, particularly those used by the Sassanids or Byzantines. The elite cataphract of the Greek Byzantine Empire wore chain mail armor on both himself and his mount. These men could shoot composite bows from the saddle or engage the enemy with a spear or sword. They could out-range or evade enemy foot troops, or out armor enemy light cavalry. The Greek Byzantine army had a tradition of good horsemanship because much of their territory was plains or steppe, and the empire was sufficiently wealthy to provide the training and Cataphract's expensive equipment.
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—In-game help section
Trivia[]
The Greek/original Cataphract uses the same textures and models as Achilles, suggesting the Cataphract was supposed to be a base unit.
At one point the Cataphract wore iron armor instead of golden/bronze armor.
The Cataphract was originally planned for Hades, but replaced with the Gastraphetoros because it made "No sense to have a cavalry unit for an archer 'civilization'". The developer even went on the record saying the Gastraphetes was the last human soldier created for Age of Mythology.
Despite being called a "Cataphract", the design is more accurate to that of a Hippeus (a Greek knight).